Abstract
Salah al-Din bin Ibaik al-Safadi, who died in the year 764 AH / 1362 AD, is considered one of the most important pioneers of writing history and among those who specialized in the study of translations of well-known personalities. Our study focused on the method of Safadi in writing his author, as he relied in his writing on the devotion of Safadi to the translation of his book, a masterpiece of the people with one kind of translators and they are the rulers of Damascus from the caliphs and princes that began from the adult caliphs and ended with its rule in the Mamluk era. And the year of their isolation is preferred The fact that he included information about their lives from political, administrative, and scientific events because of the benefit in distinguishing them among themselves and in showing their scientific status and their degree of piety and achieving justice in governance.
Keywords
· Al-Safadi, Salah Al-Deen bin Aybak bin Abdullah, (D. 764 AH / 1362 AD), Tuhfet Thawee Al Albaab Fi Min Hakm Bi Damascus Min Al Khulaffa Wa Al Milouk Wa Al Nwaab, edited by: Ihsan bint Saeed Khulusi and Zuhair Humaidan Al-Samsam, Publications of the Ministry of Culture in Damascus, 1991 AD.
· Al-Bukhari, Muhammad bin Ismail bin Ibrahim bin Al-Mughira (D. 256 AH / 869 AD), The Great History, edited by: Muhammad Abdul Mu’id Khan, The Ottoman Encyclopedia, Hyderabad, Deccan.
· Al-Kujarati, Jamal Al-Deen Muhammad Tahir bin Ali, (D. 986 AH / 1578 AD) Majmooh Bihar Al-Anwar fi Gharaib Al-Tanzeel and Lata’if Al-Akhbar, 3rd Edition, Majlis Al Marif Al- ‘Uthmaniyyah Press, 1387 AH / 1967 AD.
· Muslim, Abu Al-Hassan Ibn Al-Hajjaj (D. 261 AH / 875 AD), nicknames and names, edited by: Abd Al-Raheem Muhammad Ahmad Al-Qashqari, 1st edition, Deanship of Scientific Research at the Islamic University, Madinah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
· Al-Hakim Al-Nisaburi, Abu Ahmad Muhammad Ibn Muhammad d (D. 378 AH / 989 AD), names and nicknames, edited by: Yusuf ibn Muhammad Al-Dakheel, 1st edition, Dar Al-Ghuraba Al- Athariyya in Medina, 1994.
· Ibn Al-Nadim, Abu Al-Faraj Muhammad Ibn Ishaq Ibn Muhammad (D. 380 AH / 990 AD), Al-Fihrist, edited by: Ibrahim Ramadan, 2nd edition, Dar al-Ma'rifah, Beirut, 1417 AH / 1997 AD,
· Al-Qazwini, Zakaria bin Muhammad bin Mahmoud (D. 682 AH / 1283 AD), Athar Al-Bilad Wa Akhbar Al-Abbad, Dar Sader, Beirut, (Bla.T.), p. 491.
· Al-Bukhari, The Great History, The Ottoman Encyclopedia, Hyderabad, Deccan, Part 3, p. 191; Ibn Hibban Muhammad bin Ahmad (D. 454 AH / 1062 AD), Al-Thiqat, 1st Edition, Indian Ministry of Higher Education, 1393 AH / 1973 AD.
· Al-Sabbagh, Muhammad bin Ahmed bin Salem bin Muhammad Al- Maliki Al-Makki, (D. 1321 AH / 1903 AD) Tahseel Al- Maram Fi Akhbaar Al Beit Al Haraam Wa Al Mashaaer Al Idham Wa Mecca Wa Al Harim Wa Wilaateha Al Fekhaam. Edited by: Abdul Malik bin Abdullah bin Dahish, 1424 AH / 2004 AD.
· Abu Al-Barakat, Kamal Al-Deen Abd al-Rahman bin Muhammad bin Ubaid Allah Al-Ansari (D. 577 AH / 1181 AD), Nuzhat al-Alba’ fi Tabaqat Al-Adaba’, edited by: Ibrahim al-Samarrai, 3rd edition, Al-Manar Library, Zarqa, 1405 AH / 1985 AD.
· Ibn Fandamah, Abu Al-Hassan Daheir Al-Deen Ali bin Zaid bin Muhammad bin Al-Hussein (d. 565 AH / 1169 AD) Al- Bayhaqi History, 1st Edition, Dar Iqra, Damascus 1425 AH / 2004 AD, Part 1, p. 123.
· Al-Tanukhi, Abu Al-Mahasin Al-Mufaddal bin Muhammad bin Mas’ar (442 AH / 1050 AD), the history of the grammatical scholars from the Basrans, the Kufis, and others, edited by: Abdel Fattah Muhammad Al-Helou, 2nd edition, Hajer for printing and publishing, Cairo, 1412 AH / 1992 AD.
· Al-Razi, Abu Muhammad Abd al-Rahman ibn Muhammad (D. 327 AH / 938 AD), Al-Jarh Wa Al-Ta’deel, 1st Edition, Dar Ihya Al- Turath Al-Arabi, Beirut, 1271 AH / 1952 AD.
· Ibn Abi Eili, Abu Al-Hussein Muhammad bin Muhammad (D. 526 AH / 1131 AD), Tabaqat Al-Hanabla, edited by: Muhammad Hamid Al-Faqi, Dar Al-Maarifa, Beirut.
· Ibn Hawqal, Abu al-Qasim Muhammad ibn Hawqal Al-Nusaibi (d. 367 AH / 977 CE), Sourat Al-Ard, Dar Sader, Beirut, D. T.
· Al-Akfani, Hebat Allah bin Ahmad (D. 524 AH / 1129 AD), the tail of the history of the birth and death of scholars, edited by: Abdullah bin Ahmed bin Salman Al-Hamad, 1st edition, Dar Al-Asima, Riyadh, 1409 AH / 1998 AD,
· Ibn Nuqtah, Muhammad bin Abd Al-Ghani (D. 629 AH / 1231 AD), Ikmal Al-Ikmal, edited by: Abd Al-Qayyum Abd Rab Al-Nabi, 1st Edition, Umm Al-Qura University, Mecca Al-Mukarramah, 1410 AH / 1999 AD,
· AL Iraqi Taqi Al-Deen Ibrahim bin Muhammad (D. 641 AH / 1243 AD), elected from the book Al-Siyaq for the history of Nishapur, edited by: Khaled Haidar, Dar Al-Fiker for printing, publishing and distribution, 1414 AH.
· Ibn Al-Nadeem, Kamal Al-Deen Omar bin Ahmad bin Hibat Allah (D. 660 AH / 1261 AD) in order to demand a history of Aleppo, edited by: Tasheel Zakkar, Dar Al-Fiker.
· Ibn Makula, Abu Nasr Ali bin Jaafar (D. 475 AH / 1082 AD), Completion in Raising the Doubt About the Mutaffil and the Different in Names, Nicknames, and Genealogy, 1st edition, Dar Al-Kutub Al-Ilmiyyah, Beirut, 1411 AH / 1990 AD.
· Omar, Ahmed Mukhtar Abd Al-Hameed (D. 1424 AH / 2003 AD), Lexicon of Contemporary Arabic Language, 1st edition, Alam Al-Kutub, 1429 AH / 2008 AD.
· Ibn Al-Abbar, Abu Al-Hassan Ali bin Musa bin Saeed (D. 685 AH / 1286 AD), Al-Ghusun Al-Yaneh Fi Mahasin Shuraa Al Maeh Al Sabah, edited by: Ibrahim Al-Abyari, Dar Al-Ma’arif, Egypt.
· Ibn Al-Mustawfi, Al-Mubarak bin Ahmad bin Al-Mubarak bin Mawhoub Al-Lakhmi Al-Arbali (D. 637 AH / 1239 AD) History of Erbil, edited by: Sami bin Sayed Khammas Al-Saffar, Ministry of Culture and Information, Dar al-Rasheed, Iraq, 1980, part
· Ibn Al-Salah, Othman bin Abd Al-Rahman (D. 643 AH / 1245 AD), Tabaqat Al-Shafi’i Jurists, edited by: Muhyi Al-Deen Ali Najeeb, 1st edition, Dar Al-Bashaer Al-Islamiyyah, Beirut, 1992 AD,
· Derniqa, Muhammad Ahmed, Lexicon of the Notables of the Prophet’s Praise Poets, presented by Yassin Al-Ayoubi, 1st Edition, Al- Hilal Library House.
· Al-Fasi, Muhammad bin Ahmad bin Ali, The Tail of Restriction in the Narrators of Sunan and Al-Asanid, edited by: Kamal Yusuf Al- Hout, 1st edition, Dar Al-Kutub Al-Ilmiya, Beirut, 1411 AH / 1990 AD.
· Ibrahim, Ragab Abdel-Gawad, The Arabic Dictionary of the Names of Clothes, presented by Mahmoud Fahmy Al-Hijazi, 1st Edition, Dar Al-Afaq Al-Arabiya, Cairo, 2002 AD.
· Shakir, Mustafa, Arab History and Historians, A Study in the Development of the Science of History and the Knowledge of Its Men in Islam, 2nd Edition, Dar Al-Ilm Li’l-Malayyin, Beirut, Lebanon, 1987,
· Al-Asbahani: Abu Naim Ahmed bin Abdullah (340 AH / 951 AD) The History of Isfahan, edited by: Sayed Kasravi Hassan, 1st Edition, Dar Al-Kutub Al-Ilmiya, Beirut, 1410 AH / 1990 AD.
· Al-Imad Al-Asbahani, Muhammad bin Muhammad bin Hamid Al- Asbahani (D. 597 AH / 1201 AD), Khuraida Al-Qasr Wa Ahel Al-Asr Newspaper, Edited by: Shukri Faisal, Damascus, Arabic Language Academy, 1986.