الملخص
الاهداف: هدفت الدراسة للنظر في اراء المستشرقين في معجزات النبي محمد، والتي تعد جزء من سيرته، اذ ان السيرة النبوية تعد المصدر الثاني للتشريع في الاسلام وقد ختم الله ﴿I﴾ الرسالات السماوية بنبوة الرسول محمد﴿r﴾ وكانت اليهود تعتقد بان الله خصهم عن غيرهم من الشعوب بالنبوة لذا عندما ارسل الله نبينا محمد وختم به الرسالات السماوية اظهر اليهود عداوتهم للعرب والاسلام فالاستشراق ليست ظاهرة جديدة استخدمت للطعن والتشكيك بالدين الاسلامي فعندما بزغ فجر الاسلام شن الحاقدين من اليهود والنصارى والمشركين حرباً ضروس لهدم هذا الدين وذلك من خلال التشكيك بكل ما هو سماوي نزل على النبي محمد فالمستشرقون اكملوا ما بدأ به اعداء الاسلام منذ القدم واستمروا ولا زالوا مستمرين الى وقتنا الحالي لذا حاول هؤلاء هدم الاسلام من خلال الافتراء والتشويه بمعجزات النبي محمد فجاءت دراستنا هذه الموسومة بـــ(رؤية المستشرقين لمعجزات النبي محمد﴿r﴾)
المنهجية: تم الاعتماد على المنهج التاريخي التحليلي واشتملت الدراسة على مبحثين تضمن المبحث الاول: التشكيك بنزول الوحي جبريل﴿u﴾ على نبينا محمد﴿r﴾ واتهامه بالانتحار وادعائهم ان النبي محمد كان يقسم بالأزلام ، اما المبحث الثاني: فتضمن الطعن والافتراء حول معجزة الاسراء والمعراج ، كما تضمن ايضاً التشكيك بحادثة شق القمر وبركة النبي محمد وبعض المعجزات الاخرى.
التوصيات: انتهت دراستنا هذه بخاتمة عرضنا فيها ابرز النتائج توصل اليها هذا البحث وهي التركيز على دراسة السيرة النبوية المطهرة والرد على شبهات المستشرقين وتفنيد حججهم واباطيلهم المراد منها تسويقها الى المجتمع الاسلامي للتشكيك في النبي محمد وسيرته
- Ibn Abi Khaythamah, Abu Bakr Ahmad (d. 279 AH), Al-Tarikh Al-Kabir, ed.: Salah bin Fathi, 1st edition, (Al-Farouq Library, Cairo, 2006).
- Ibn Ishaq, Muhammad bin Yasar (d. 151 AH/768 AD), The Biography of the Prophet by Ibn Ishaq, edited by: Suhail Zakkar, 1st edition, (Dar Al-Fikr, Beirut, 1987).
- Ibn al-Atheer, Abu al-Hasan Ali bin Abi al-Karam (d. 630 AH/1233 AD), al-Kamil fi al-Tarikh, edited by: Omar Abd al-Salam Tadmuri, 1st edition, (Dar al-Kitab al-Arabi, Beirut, 1997)
- Ibn al-Atheer, Majd al-Din Abu al-Saadat al-Mubarak (d. 606 AH/1210 AD), al-Nihayah fi Gharib al-Hadith wa al-Athar, edited by: Zahir Ahmad al-Zawi, (Al-Maktabah al-Ilmiyyah, Beirut, 1979).
- Ibn Al-Anbari, Muhammad bin Al-Qasim bin Muhammad (d. 328 AH), Al-Zahir fi Meanings of People’s Words, edited by: Hatem Saleh Al-Damen, 1st edition, (Al-Resala Foundation, Beirut, 1992).
- Ibn al-Jawzi, Zad al-Masir fi Ilm al-Tafsir, edited by: Abd al-Razzaq al-Mahdi, 1st edition, (Dar al-Kitab al-Arabi, Beirut, 1422).
- Ibn al-Uthaymeen, Muhammad bin Saleh bin Muhammad (d. 1421 AH), Commentary: A summary of the book Lum’at al-Iqtidān Guiding to the Path of Righteousness, edited by: Ashraf bin Abd al-Maqsoud, 3rd edition, (Adwa’ al-Salaf Library, Saudi Arabia, 1995).
- Ibn al-Mulqin, Siraj al-Din Abu Hafs Omar bin Ali (d. 804 AH), Ghāyat al-Sūl fi Khāsīsāt al-Ṣūl al-Rasūl﴾﴾, edited by: Abdullah Bahr al-Din, (Dar al-Bashaer, Beirut, ed.).
- Ibn Al-Mundhir, Abu Bakr Muhammad bin Ibrahim (d. 319 AH), Interpretation of the Qur’an, edited by: Saad Muhammad Al-Saad, 1st edition, (Dar Al-Maathar, Medina, 2002).
- Ibn Taymiyyah, Taqi al-Din Abu al-Abbas Ahmad ibn Abd al-Halim (d. 728 AH), Nullification of Logic, (Muhammadiyah Sunnah Library, Muhammadiyah, Cairo, ed.).
- Ibn Jama’ah, Abdul Aziz bin Muhammad bin Ibrahim (d. 767 AH), The Great Summary of the Biography of the Messenger﴿﴾, edited by: Sami Makki Al-Ani, 1st edition, (Dar Al-Bashir, Amman, 1993).
- Ibn Hibban, Al-Ihsan fi Taqreeb Sahih Ibn Hibban, edited by: Shuaib Al-Arnaout, 1st edition, (Al-Resala Foundation, Beirut, 1988).
- Ibn Hibban, Muhammad ibn Hibban ibn Ahmad (d. 354 AH/965 AD), Al-Thiqat, 1st edition, (Encyclopedia, Hyderabad, 1973)
- Ibn Hajar Al-Asqalani, Ahmed bin Ali (d. 852 AH/1449 AD), Fath Al-Bari in Sahih Sharh Al-Bukhari, (Dar Al-Ma’rifa, Beirut, 1379 AH)
- Ibn Hadidah, Abu Abdullah Muhammad bin Ali (d. 783 AH/1387 AD), The Shining Lamp in the Book of the Unlettered Prophet and His Messengers to the Kings of the Earth, Arabs and Non-Arabs, edited by: Muhammad Azim al-Din, (Alam al-Kutub, Beirut, ed.).
- Ibn Hazm Al-Andalusi, Abu Muhammad Ali bin Ahmad (d. 456 AH/1063 AD), Jami’ al-Birah al-Nabawiyyah, edited by: Ihsan Abbas, 1st edition, (Dar al-Ma’arif, Egypt, 1900).
- Ibn Hazm Al-Andalusi, Abu Muhammad Ali bin Ahmad (d. 456 AH), Al-Fisl fi Al-Milal wa Al-Awwa’ Al-Nihal, (Al-Khanji Library, Cairo, ed. T.).
- Ibn Rahwiyah, Abu Yaqoub Ishaq bin Ibrahim (d. 238 AH), Musnad Ishaq bin Rahwiyah, edited by: Abdul Ghafour bin Abdul Haq, 1st edition, (Al-Iman Library, Medina, 1991).
- Ibn Saad, Abu Abdullah Muhammad bin Mani’ (d. 230 AH/785 AD), Al-Tabaqat Al-Kubra, edited by: Muhammad Abdul Qadir Atta, 1st edition, (Dar Al-Kutub Al-Ilmiyya, Beirut, 1990).
- Ibn Sayyid al-Nas, Muhammad ibn Muhammad ibn Ahmad (d. 734 AH/1334 AD), Uyun al-Athar fi Funun al-Maghazi, Shama’il and Sir, 1st edition, (Dar al-Ilm, Beirut, 1993).
- Ibn Sayyida, Abu Al-Hasan Ali bin Ismail (d. 458 AH), Al-Mukhsas, edited by: Khalil Ibrahim Jafak, (Dar Revival of Arab Heritage, Beirut, 1996).
- Ibn Abdul-Barr, Abu Omar Yusuf bin Abdullah, Al-Isti’ab fi Ma’rifat al-Ashab, edited by: Ali Muhammad, 1st edition, (Dar Al-Jeel, Beirut, 1992).
- Ibn Attiya Al-Andalusi, Abu Muhammad Abd al-Haqq ibn Ghalib (d. 542 AH), the brief editor in the interpretation of the Holy Book, 1st edition, (Dar al-Kutub al-Ilmiyyah, Beirut, 1993).
- Ibn Qutaybah Al-Dinouri, Gharib Al-Hadith, edited by: Abdullah Al-Jubouri, 1st edition, (Al-Ani Press, Baghdad, 1397).
- Ibn Qayyim al-Jawziyyah, Zad al-Ma’ad fi Huda Khair al-Ibad, 1st edition, (Al-Resala Foundation, Beirut, 2009)
- Ibn Kathir, Abu Al-Fida Ismail bin Omar (d. 774 AH/1372 AD), The Beginning and the End, edited by: Ali Shiri, 1st edition, (Dar Revival of Arab Heritage, D.M., 1988)
- Ibn Kathir, Interpretation of the Great Qur’an, edited by: Muhammad Hussein, 1st edition, (Dar Al-Kutub Al-Ilmiyyah, Beirut, 1419 AH).
- Ibn Katheer, Al-Fusul fi Al-Sira, edited by: Muhammad Al-Eid, 3rd edition, (Foundation for the Sciences of the Qur’an, D. M., 1403 AH).
- Ibn Mandah, Abu Abdullah Muhammad bin Ishaq (d. 395 AH), Knowledge of the Companions, edited by: Amer Hassan Sabri, 1st edition, (Emirates University, Dubai, 2005)
- Ibn Manzur, Muhammad bin Makram bin Ali (d. 711 AH/1311 AD), Lisan al-Arab, 3rd edition, (Dar Sader, Beirut, 1414 AH).
- Ibn Hisham, Abu Muhammad Abd al-Malik (d. 213 AH/828 AD), The Biography of the Prophet by Ibn Hisham, edited by: Mustafa al-Saqqa and others, 1st edition, (Mustafa al-Babi Press, Egypt, 1955 AD).
- Abu Al-Muzaffar Al-Sam’ani, Mansour bin Muhammad (d. 489 AH), Interpretation of the Qur’an, edited by: Yasser Ibrahim, 1st edition, (Dar Al-Watan, Riyadh, 1418 AH).
- Abu Shahba, Muhammad bin Muhammad, The Prophet’s Biography in the Light of the Qur’an and Sunnah, 8th edition, (Dar Al-Qalam, Damascus, 1427 AH).
- Abi Zahra, Flower of Interpretations, (Dar Al-Fikr Al-Arabi, Beirut, D. T.)
- Al-Abyari, Ibrahim, History of the Qur’an, 3rd edition, (Dar Al-Kitab Al-Masry, Cairo, 1991).
- Ahmad ibn Hanbal, Abu Abdullah Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn Hilal (d. 241 AH/855 AD), Musnad of Imam Ahmad ibn Hanbal, edited by: Al-Sayyid Abu Al-Maati Al-Nouri, 1st edition, (Alam Al-Kutub, Beirut, 1998).
- Emile Drummingham, The Muhammadiyah Personality of Biography and Journey, translated by: Adel Zuaiter, 3rd edition, (Al-Shu’aa Publishing and Distribution, Algeria, 1949).
- Al-Bukhari, Muhammad bin Ismail bin Ibrahim (d. 256 AH/870 AD), Sahih Al-Bukhari, edited by: Muhammad Zuhair Nasser Al-Nasser, 1st edition (Dar Touq Al-Najat, d.d., 1422 AH)
- Al-Baghawi, Abu Muhammad Al-Hussein bin Masoud (d. 510 AH), Milestones of Revelation in the Interpretation of the Qur’an, edited by: Abdul Razzaq Al-Mahdi, 1st edition, (Dar Revival of Arab Heritage, Beirut, 1420)
- Al-Baghawi, Abu Muhammad Al-Hussein bin Masoud (d. 516 AH/1122 AD), Milestones of Revelation in the Interpretation of the Qur’an, edited by: Abd al-Razzaq Mahdi, 1st edition, (Dar Revival of Arab Heritage, Beirut, 1420 AH)
- Bodley, Ronald Victor, The Messenger’s Life of Muhammad, translated by: Abdel Hamid Jawdat Sahar, (Egypt Library, Al-Fagala).
- Al-Bayhaqi, Abu Bakr Ahmad bin Al-Hussein bin Ali (d. 458 AH/1066 AD), Evidence of Prophethood and Knowledge of the Conditions of the Author of Sharia, 1st edition, (Dar Al-Kutub Al-Ilmiyyah, Beirut, 1405 AH)
- History of Khalifa Ibn Khayyat, edited by: Akram Dhia Al-Omari, 2nd edition, (Dar Al-Qalam, Beirut, 1397).
- Al-Tirmidhi, Abu Issa Muhammad (d. 279 AH/892 AD), Sunan Al-Tirmidhi, edited by: Bashar Awad Marouf, (Dar Al-Gharb Al-Islami, Beirut, 1998).
- Al-Tikriti, Abu Abdullah Ghanem bin Qadduri, Lectures on the Sciences of the Qur’an, 1st edition, (Dar Amman, Amman, 2002).
- Al-Thaalabi, Ahmed Muhammad Ibrahim (d. 427 AH), Revealing and Explaining the Interpretation of the Qur’an, edited by: Abi Muhammad bin Ashour, 1st edition, (Dar Revival of Arab Heritage, Beirut, 1422 AH).
- Al-Jurjani, Abu Ahmad Ibn Adi (d. 365 AH), Al-Kamil on Weak Men, edited by: Abdel Fattah Abu Sunnah, 1st edition, (Dar Al-Kutub Al-Ilmiyyah, Beirut, 1997)
- Al-Jurjani, Abu Ahmad Abdullah bin Adi (d. 365 AH), Al-Kamil in Weak Men, edited by: Yahya Mukhtar Ghazawi, (Dar Al-Fikr, Beirut, 1988).
- Al-Jawzjani, Ibrahim bin Yaqoub (d. 259 AH), Conditions of Men, edited by: Abdul-Aleem Abdul-Azim, (Academic Hadith, Pakistan, D.T.).
- Giorgio, Constance, A New Look at the Biography of the Messenger of God, translated by: Muhammad al-Tunji, 1st edition, (Arab Encyclopedia House, Beirut, 1983).
- Al-Hajji, Abd al-Rahman Ali, The Prophet’s Biography, the Methodology of Studying It and Reviewing its Events, 1st edition, (Ibn Katheer Publishing House, Damascus, 1420 AH)
- Al-Haradhi, Yahya bin Abi Bakr bin Muhammad (d. 893 AH/1488 AD), Bahjat al-Mahafil wa Baghiyat al-Athmil fi Talykhs al-Miraqas wa al-Maghazi, (Dar Sader, Beirut, d.d.).
- Al-Humaidi, Muhammad bin Futuh bin Abdullah (d. 488 AH), Combining the Sahihs of Al-Bukhari and Muslim, edited by: Ali Hussein Al-Bawab, 2nd edition, (Dar Ibn Hazm, Beirut, 2002).
- Al-Khazen, Alaa al-Din Ali bin Muhammad (d. 741 AH), Tafsir al-Khazen, (Dar Al-Fikr, Beirut, 1979)
- Al-Khazen, Alaa al-Din Ali bin Muhammad (d. 741 AH/1341 AD), Tafsir al-Khazen, (Dar Al-Fikr, Beirut, 1979).
- Al-Khazen, Chapter on Interpretation in the Meanings of Revelation, 1st edition, (Dar Al-Kutub Al-Ilmiyyah, Beirut, 1415 AH)
- Al-Kharkushi, Abdul Malik bin Muhammad bin Ibrahim (d. 407 AH/1016 AD), Sharaf Al-Mustafa, 1st edition, (Dar Al-Bashaer, Mecca, 1424 AH)
- Al-Khudari, Sheikh Muhammad bin Afifi Al-Bajuri, Light of Certainty in the Biography of the Master of Messengers Muhammad﴿﴾, edited by: Hamdi Zamzam, (Dar Al-Iman, Damascus, 1988)
- Al-Khatib, Abdul Karim Younis, The Qur’anic Interpretation of the Qur’an, (Dar Al-Fikr, Cairo, D.T.).
- Al-Dimashqi, Abu Muhammad Izz al-Din Abdul Aziz bin Abdul Salam (d. 660 AH), Interpretation of the Qur’an, edited by: Abdullah bin Ibrahim al-Wahbi, 1st edition, (Dar Ibn Hazm, Beirut, 1996)
- Al-Diyar Bakri, Hussein bin Muhammad bin Al-Hasan (d. 966 AH), History of Al-Khamis fi Ahwal Anqas Al-Nafis, (Dar Sader, Beirut, ed.).
- Al-Dinouri, Interpretation of the Problem of the Qur’an, edited by: Ibrahim Shams al-Din, (Beirut, Lebanon, D. T.)
- Al-Dhahabi, The History of Islam and the Deaths of Celebrities and Media, ed.: Omar Abdel Salam Tadmuri, 2nd edition, (Dar Al-Kitab Al-Arabi, Beirut, 1993).
- Al-Dhahabi, Shams al-Din Abu Abdullah Muhammad (d. 748 AH/1347 AD), Siyar A`lam al-Nubala’, edited by: Sha’in al-Arna’ut, 1st edition, (Al-Resala Foundation, Beirut, 1985).
- Al-Razi, Abu Abdullah Muhammad bin Omar (d. 606 AH), Keys to the Unseen, 3rd edition, (Dar Ihya Al-Turath Al-Arabi, Beirut, 1420).
- Al-Zubaidi, Muhammad bin Muhammad bin Abdul Razzaq (d. 1205 AH), Taj Al-Arous from Jawahir Al-Qamoos, edited by: a group of investigators, (Dar Al-Hidaya, D.M., D.T.).
- Al-Zarqani, Muhammad Abd al-Azim, Manahil al-Irfan fi Ulum al-Qur’an, edited by: Fawaz Ahmed, 1st edition, (Dar al-Kitab al-Arabi, Beirut, 1995).
- Al-Zamakhshari, Abu Al-Qasim Mahmoud bin Amr bin Ahmad Jar Allah (d. 538 AH), Al-Kashshaf fi Haqiqat Ghumayyad al-Tanzeel, 3rd edition, (Dar Al-Kitab Al-Arabi, Beirut, 1407 AH).
- Al-Zayla’i, Jamal al-Din Abu Muhammad (d. 762 AH), Graduation of Hadiths and Traces of the Tafsir al-Kashshaf, edited by: Abd bin Abd al-Rahman al-Saad, 1st edition, (Dar Ibn Khuzaymah, Riyadh, 1414 AH)
- Al-Suhaili, Abdul Rahman bin Abdullah (d. 581 AH / 1185 AD), Al-Rawd al-Anf fi Sharh al-Birah al-Nabawiyyah, (Dar Revival of Arab Heritage, Beirut, 1412)
- Sayyid Qutb, Ibrahim Hussein Al-Sharibi (d. 1385 AH), in the shadows of the Qur’an, 17th edition, (Dar Al-Shorouk, Beirut, 1412).
- Al-Suyuti, Abd al-Rahman bin Abi Bakr (d. 911 AH), The Greatest Characteristics, (Dar al-Kutub al-Ilmiyyah, Beirut, d.d.).
- Al-Shatibi, Ibrahim bin Musa bin Muhammad (d. 790 AH), Al-I’tisam, edited by: Salim Eid Al-Hilali, 1st edition, (Ibn Affan Publishing House, Saudi Arabia, 1992).
- Al-Shaarawi, The Great Miracle, 4th edition, (Akhbar Al-Youm House, Cairo, ed.).
- Al-Shaarawi, Tafsir Al-Shaarawi, (Akhbar Al-Youm Press, Cairo, 1997)
- Al-Shahrastani, Abu Al-Fath Muhammad bin Abdul Karim (d. 548 AH), Al-Milal wal-Nihal, edited by: Muhammad Sayyid Kilani, (Dar Al-Ma’rifah, Beirut, 1404 AH).
- Al-Shaybani, Muhammad Sharif, Al-Rasul fi Al-Musif Oriental Studies, (Dar Al-Hadara, Beirut, d.d.).
- Al-Safadi, Saladin Khalil bin Aybak (d. 764 AH/1363 AD), Al-Wafi bi al-Wafiyat, edited by: Ahmed Al-Arnaout, (Dar Ihya’ Al-Turath, Beirut, 1420 AH).
- Al-San’ani, Tafsir Abd al-Razzaq, edited by: Mahmoud Abduh, 1st edition, (Dar al-Kutub, Beirut, 1419)
- Al-Tabarani, Suleiman bin Ahmad (d. 360 AH/971 AD), Al-Mu’jam Al-Kabir, edited by: Hamdi Abdul Majeed, 2nd edition, (Dar Al-Sumai’i, Riyadh, 1994).
- Al-Tabari, History of the Messengers and Kings, 1st edition, (Dar Al-Kutub Al-Ilmiyyah, Beirut, 1407 AH).
- Al-Tabari, Jami’ al-Bayan fi Tafsir al-Qur’an, edited by: Ahmed Muhammad, 1st edition, (Al-Resala Foundation, D.M., 2000)
- Al-Tayyar, Musaed bin Sulaiman bin Nasser, editor of the Qur’anic Sciences, 2nd edition, (Center for Qur’anic Studies and Information, Jeddah, 2008).
- Attar, Hassan Diya al-Din, God’s Revelation: Its Truths and Characteristics in the Qur’an and Sunnah, Refuting the Claims of the Orientalists, 1st edition, (Dar al-Maktabi, Damascus, 1999).
- Al-Isami, Abd al-Malik bin Hussein bin Abd al-Malik, Sumt al-Najm al-Awali fi Anba’ al-Awa’il wa al-Tawal, edited by: Adel Ahmed Abd al-Mawjoud, 1st edition, (Dar al-Kutub al-Ilmiyyah, Beirut, 1998).
- Attia, Abdul Rahim Attia, Muhammad is the Messenger of God, the illiterate prophet whom his Lord taught him, (Dar Al-Shaab, Cairo, 1991).
- Al-Alimi, Mujir al-Din bin Muhammad al-Maqdisi (d. 927 AH), Fath al-Rahman fi Tafsir al-Qur’an, edited by: Nour al-Din Talib, 1st edition, (Dar al-Nawader, Jerusalem, 2009).
- Al-Omar, Fouad Abdullah, Guidance of Lovers to the Life of the Imam of the Messengers, (Al-Manar Library, Kuwait, 1997)
- Al-Omari, Akram Zia, The Authentic Biography of the Prophet, 6th edition, (Al-Ulum Library, Medina, 1994)
- Gharib, Mamoun, Scenes from the Life of the Messenger﴿﴾, (Supreme Council for Media Affairs, Cairo, 1977).
- Al-Ghadhban, The Dynamic Approach to the Prophet’s Biography, 6th edition, (Al-Manar Library, Jordan, 1990)
- Al-Farabi, Ismail bin Hammad (d. 393 AH / 1003 AD), Al-Sihah Taj Al-Lughah wal-Sihah Al-Arabiya, edited by: Ahmed Abdel Ghafour Attar, 4th edition, (Dar Al-Ilm Lil-Millain, Beirut, 1987), vol. 1, p. 328.
- Al-Fakihi, Abu Abdullah Muhammad bin Ishaq (d. 275 AH/888 AD), News of Mecca in ancient times and modern times, edited by: Abdul Malik Abdullah Dahish, 2nd edition, (Dar Khader, Beirut, 1414)
- Al-Fasawi, Yaqoub bin Sufyan (d. 277 AH), Knowledge and History, ed.: Akram Zia, 2nd edition, (Al-Resala Foundation, Beirut, 1981)
- Fouad, Ma’bad al-Moneim, From the Orientalists’ Fabrications on the Doctrinal Principles of Islam, 1st edition, (Obeikan Library, Riyadh, 2001)
- Al-Fawzan, Abdullah bin Salih, Hashal al-Ma’mul Sharh Three Principles, (Al-Rushd Library, Riyadh, d.t.).
- Al-Fayrouzabadi, Majd al-Din Abu Taher Muhammad (d. 817 AH/1415 AD), Al-Qamoos al-Muhit, 8th edition, (Al-Resala Foundation, Beirut, 2005).
- Al-Qasimi, Jamal al-Din bin Muhammad Saeed (d. 1332 AH), The Virtues of Interpretation, edited by: Muhammad Basil, 1st edition, (Dar al-Kutub al-Ilmiyyah, Beirut, 1418).
- Judge Ayyad, Ayyad ibn Musa (d. 544 AH/1149 A.D.), Al-Shaqa by Defining the Rights of the Chosen One, 2nd edition, (Dar Al-Fayhaa, Amman, 1407).
- Al-Qurtubi, Al-Jami’ Li Ahkam Al-Qur’an, edited by: Ahmed Al-Radouni, 2nd edition, (Dar Al-Kutub Al-Misriyah, Cairo, 1964).
- Al-Qurtubi, Muhammad bin Ahmad (d. 671 AH/1273 AD), Tafsir Al-Qurtubi.
- Al-Qarni, Abdel Hafeez Farghali, Hoda Al-Sira, (Dar Al-Fikr Al-Arabi, Cairo, 1983).
- Al-Qastalani, Ahmad bin Muhammad bin Abi Bakr (d. 923 AH), Al-Mawahib Al-Ludaniyyah bi-Manah Al-Muhammadiyah, (Al-Waqfiya Library, Cairo, ed.).
- Al-Qayrawani, Yahya bin Salam bin Abi Tha’labah (d. 200 AH), Tafsir Yahya bin Salam, edited by: Hind Shalabi, 1st edition, (Dar Al-Kutub Al-Ilmiyyah, Beirut, 2004).
- Al-Maliki, Hassan bin Muhammad Al-Mashat, Enarat Al-Duja fi Maghazi Khair Al-Wari, 2nd edition, (Dar Al-Minhaj, Jeddah, 1426 AH).
- Al-Mawardi, Abu Al-Hasan Ali bin Muhammad (d. 450 AH/1058 AD), Flags of the Prophethood, 1st edition, (Al-Hilal Library, Beirut, 1049 AH).
- Al-Mubarakfuri, Safi Al-Rahman, Al-Raheeq Al-Makhtoum, 1st edition, (Dar Al-Hilal, Beirut, 1396).
- Al-Makhzoumi, Abu Al-Hajjaj Mujahid bin Jabr (d. 104 AH), Tafsir Mujahid, edited by: Muhammad Abdel Salam, 1st edition, (Dar Al-Fikr, Egypt, 1989).
- Al-Madini, Muhammad bin Omar bin Ahmed (d. 581 AH), Al-Majmu’ Al-Mugheeth, edited by: Abdul Karim Al-Gharbawi, 1st edition, (Umm Al-Qura, Saudi Arabia, 1986).
- Muslim, Abu Al-Hasan Hajjaj (d. 261 AH/875 AD), Sahih Muslim, edited by: Levi Provencal, 3rd edition, (Dar Al-Ma’arif, Cairo, ed.).
- Muqatil bin Suleiman, Abu Al-Hasan bin Bashir Al-Azdi (d. 150 AH), Tafsir Muqatil bin Suleiman, edited by: Abdullah Mahmoud, 1st edition, (Dar Ihya Al-Turath, Beirut, 1423 AH)
- Al-Maqdisi, Al-Mutahhar bin Tahir (d. after 355 AH / after 966), The Beginning and History, (Religious Culture Library, Port Said, d.d.)
- Al-Maqdisi, Abu Muhammad Abd al-Ghani bin Abd al-Wahid (d. 600 AH), Summary of the Biography of the Prophet () and the Biography of His Ten Companions, 2nd edition, (Valencia Publishing House, Riyadh, 1421)
- Al-Maqrizi, Ahmed bin Ali bin Abdul Qadir (d. 845 AH/1441 AD), The Enjoyment of Hearing About the Prophet’s Conditions, Money, Grandchildren, and Heirlooms, ed.: Muhammad Abdul Hamid, 1st edition, (Dar Al-Kutub Al-Ilmiyyah, Beirut, 1999).
- Najm, Muhanna Naeem, Personal Planning in the Prophet’s Biography, (research presented to the Development Ambassadors Forum, Amman, 2014).
- Al-Wahidi, Al-Wasit in the Interpretation of the Glorious Qur’an, ed.: Adel Ahmed Abdel-Mawjoud, 1st edition, (Dar Al-Kutub Al-Ilmiyyah, Beirut, 1994).